-er
短语…的人（或物）
发音
词形变化
别名
释义与例句
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1.
A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun.
...者
...家
read + -er → reader
see + -er → seer
cook + -er → cooker
compute + -er → computer
run + -er → runner
toast + -er → toaster
swim + -er → swimmer
do good + -er → do-gooder
-
2.
A person or thing to which the root verb is done or can be done satisfactorily.
非正式look + -er → looker (“an attractive person”)
keep + -er → keeper (“a person or thing worth keeping”)
-
3.
A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root.
...员
...工
...手
...师
...家
...的
astrology + -er → astrologer
baby boom + -er → baby boomer
conlang + -er → conlanger
cricket + -er → cricketer
trumpet + -er → trumpeter
zine + -er → ziner
-
4.
A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies.
six + -er → sixer
six foot + -er → six-footer
three-wheel + -er → three-wheeler
first grade + -er → first grader
-
5.
Used to form nouns shorter than more formal synonyms.
俚语percent + -er → percenter (“commission agent”)
one hand + -er → one-hander (“one-man show”)
oat + -er → oater (“a Western-themed movie”)
-
6.
A person who is associated with, or supports a particular theory, doctrine, or political movement.
birth + -er → birther
flat earth + -er → flat-earther
truth + -er → truther
woke + -er → woker
-
7.
A thing that is related in some way to the root, such as by location or purpose.
bacon + -er → baconer (“pig raised for bacon”)
chocolate chip + -er → chocolate chipper (“cookie containing chocolate chips”)
sternwheel + -er → sternwheeler (“vessel driven by a sternwheel”)
-
8.
Indicates a correspondence or coincidence between the action or condition indicated by the root and the noun being described.
俚语piss + -er → pisser (“a hilariously funny event or situation”)
-
9.
Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym.
New York + -er → New Yorker
London + -er → Londoner
Dublin + -er → Dubliner
New England + -er → New Englander
-
10.
Suffix denoting residency in or around a place, district, area, or region.
island + -er → islander
highland + -er → highlander
East End + -er → East-Ender
-
1.
Suffix used to form the plural of a small number of English nouns.
习语 废旧childer, calver, lamber, linder ("loins")
-
1.
More; used to form the comparative.
hard + -er → harder
wet + -er → wetter
motley + -er → motlier
eerie + -er → eerier
clayey + -er → clayier
-
1.
More; used to form the comparative.
-
1.
Frequently; used to form frequentative verbs.
twitter, clamber, bicker, mutter, wander, flutter, flicker, slither, smother, sputter
-
1.
Instance of (the verbal action); used to form nouns from verbs.
法律disclaim + -er → disclaimer
remit + -er → remitter
misname + -er → misnomer
rebut + -er → rebutter
attain + -er → attainder
-
1.
Used to form diminutives.
shive + -er → shiver
slive + -er → sliver
splint + -er → splinter
-
1.
Used to form slang or colloquial equivalents of words.
association + -er → soccer (“association football”)
football + -er → footer (“association football”)
rugby + -er → rugger
Radcliffe + -er → Radder (“a building at Oxford University”)
-
1.
A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action
方言clive + -er → cliver (“apt to cleave or adhere to, tenacious, expert as seizing”)
slip + -er → slipper (“tending to make slip, slippery”)
wake + -er → waker (“tending to wake, watchful”)
-
1.
Junior, child, younger person. (Attached to a name, usually one syllable of the given name.)
媒体Li’er said hello to his father.
词源
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er Inherited from Middle English -ere, -er, from Old English -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, usually thought to have been borrowed from Latin -ārius; see Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz for an alternate theory. Reinforced by Middle English -er, from Old French -ier, also from Latin -ārius; compare the synonymous but unrelated Old French -or, -eor (Anglo-Norman variant -our), from Latin -(ā)tor, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr. The "inhabitant" sense is sometimes connected to Middle English -wær(r)e, -ware, from Old English -ware (suffix denoting residency), from Proto-West Germanic *-wari, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“inhabitant”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to protect”). Cognates Cognate with Saterland Frisian -er, West Frisian -er, Dutch -er, German Low German -er, German -er, Danish -er, Swedish -are and Icelandic -ari.
来源：wiktionary