by
prep. 被, 经, 由, 在...之旁 adv. 经过, 在近处
发音
词形变化
别名
教材释义与例句
通过；经过；附近；[互联网] 白俄罗斯的国家代码顶级域名
past someone or something
通过；被；依据；经由；在附近；在……之前
used especially with a passive verb to say who or what does something or makes something happen
释义与例句
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1.
Alternative form of bye.
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1.
Out of the way, off to one side.
a by path; a by room
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2.
Subsidiary, incidental.
by catch; a by issue
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1.
Along a path which runs past someone or something.
I watched the parade as it passed by.
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2.
In the vicinity, near.
There was a shepherd close by.
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3.
To or at a place, as a residence or place of business.
I'll stop by on my way home from work.
We're right near the lifeguard station. Come by before you leave.
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4.
Aside, away.
The women spent much time after harvest putting jams by for winter and spring.
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5.
Beyond or past a certain point.
I'll somehow manage to get by.
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1.
Near or next to.
在……旁
The mailbox is by the bus stop.
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2.
From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.
The stream runs by our back door.
He ran straight by me.
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3.
Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
……之前
Be back by ten o'clock!.
We'll find someone by the end of March.
We will send it by the first week of July.
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4.
Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
Following a passive verb.
被
由
让
给
叫
The matter was decided by the chairman.
The boat was swamped by the water.
He was protected by his body armour.
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5.
Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
Following a noun.
There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.
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6.
Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
Following an adjective.
I was aghast by what I saw.
In other directions the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow that it was difficult in a hasty glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred […].
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7.
Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare
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8.
Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
I'd know you anywhere by your gravelly voice.
I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.
By Pythagoras' theorem, we can calculate the length of the hypotenuse.
We went by bus.
I discovered it by chance.
By 'maybe' she means 'no'.
The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.
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9.
Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.
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10.
Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
Invokes an authority in an oath.
By Jove! I think she's got it!
By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.
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11.
Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy
Our stock is up by ten percent.
We won by six goals to three.
His date of birth was wrong by ten years.
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12.
In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
We went through the book page by page.
We crawled forward by inches.
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13.
[with the] Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross
While sitting listening to the radio by the hour, she can drink brandy by the bucketful!
He sits listening to the radio by the hour.
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14.
Indicates a referenced source: According to.
He cheated by his own admission.
By my reckoning, we should be nearly there.
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15.
Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.
It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.
The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.
The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.
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16.
multiplied by or (chiefly South Asia) divided by
数学 -
17.
Designates a horse's sire (“male parent”).
She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.
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18.
At; with; among.
Are you eating by Rabbi Fischer? (at the house of)
By Chabad, it's different.
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19.
Indicates a means of classification or organisation.
I sorted the items by category.
Table 1 shows details of our employees broken down by sex and age.
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20.
Per; with or in proportion to each.
His health was deteriorating by the day.
The pickers are paid by the fortnight by the American bushel.
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21.
in a windward direction, sailing near to the direction from which the wind is blowing
航海 交通
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1.
Dated form of bye (“goodbye”).
过时
词汇关系
相关短语
词源
From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Cognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).
来源：wiktionary