cataract

大学 FREQ #44471 ★☆☆☆☆

n. 大瀑布, 奔流, 暴雨, 白内障 [医] 内障, 白内障

发音

UK /ˈkætəɹækt/
其它
US /ˈkætəˌɹæk(t)/

词形变化

cataracts 复数 cataracted cataracting cataracts 三单 cataracts cataracting 现在分词 cataracted 过去式 cataracted 过去分词

教材释义与例句

动词

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释义与例句

n.
  1. 1.

    A (large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff.

    The cataracts on the Nile helped to compartment Upper Egypt.

  2. 2.

    A flood of water; specifically, steep rapids in a river.

    洪流

    引申义
  3. 3.

    An overwhelming downpour or rush; a flood.

    比喻

    His cataract of eloquence

  4. 4.

    A type of governor used in single-acting steam engines, where a flow of water through an opening regulates the stroke.

    历史 工程
  5. 5.

    Synonym of waterspout (“a whirlwind that forms over water”).

    比喻 废旧
  6. 1.

    Synonym of portcullis (“a gate in the form of a grating which is lowered into place at the gateway of a castle, a fort, etc.”); also, a window grating.

    废旧 罕用
  7. 2.

    A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.

    白内障

    医学 引申义
  8. 3.

    A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.

    Something which obscures.

    比喻 医学 引申义
  9. 4.

    A tool used for breaking flax; a brake.

    废旧 商务 工程 引申义
v.
  1. 1.

    Of a river, etc.: to fall in the form of a waterfall.

    不及物
  2. 2.

    To cause (something) to pour or rush like a waterfall.

    比喻 罕用 及物

词汇关系

名词

上位词 2

falls waterfall

下位词 1

nuclear cataract

相关短语

cataract bog cataract bogs nuclear cataract [医] 核性内障

词源

PIE word *ḱóm The noun is derived from cataracts (noun (plural only)), from Late Middle English cataract, cataracta, cateract, cateracte (“floodgate of heaven”), from Old French cataracte (modern French cataracte), and from its etymon Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”), from Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”), from καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (katar(rh)ā́ssō, “to pour down; to rush downwards”) + -της (-tēs, suffix forming nouns denoting a state of being). Καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (Katar(rh)ā́ssō) is derived either: * from κᾰτᾰ- (kătă-, prefix meaning ‘downwards’) + ἀρᾰ́σσω (arắssō, “to dash to pieces; to strike”) (further etymology unknown, possibly onomatopoeic) or ῥᾱ́σσω (rhā́ssō, “to dash; to strike”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to pound, strike”)); or * from καταρρηγνύναι (katarrhēgnúnai, “to break down”). The verb is derived from the noun.

来源：wiktionary