gruff

大学 FREQ #29188

a. 粗哑的, 粗鲁的, 粗率的, 板着脸孔的

发音

US /ɡɹʌf/
UK /ɡɹʌf/
AU /ɡɹɐf/
NZ /ɡɹɐf/
其它 /ɡɹʊf/

词形变化

gruffs 复数 gruffed gruffing gruffs 三单 gruffs gruffing 现在分词 gruffed 过去式 gruffed 过去分词 gruffer 比较级 gruffest 最高级

教材释义与例句

名词

格拉夫（英国珠宝品牌）

动词

粗鲁地说；生硬地说

动词

粗鲁地说；生硬地说话

释义与例句

n.
  1. 1.

    Alternative spelling of grough (“gully in a moor”).

    They found Uttley's body on the bottom of the gruff.

v.
  1. 1.

    To speak gruffly.

adj.
  1. 1.

    having a rough, surly, and harsh demeanor and nature.

  2. 2.

    hoarse-voiced.

    a gruff woman

  3. 3.

    hoarse.

    a gruff voice

  4. 1.

    Of goods: bulky.

    印度

    […] which by causing a great export of rice enhances the price of labour, and consequently of all other gruff, piece-goods and raw silk […]

词汇关系

形容词

同义词 6

crusty husky hoarse curmudgeonly ill-humored ill-humoured

近义相关 3

cacophonic cacophonous ill-natured

词源

16th century, from Dutch grof and/or Middle Low German grof (both “rough, coarse, rude”), from Old Dutch *grof or Old Saxon *grof, both from Proto-West Germanic *grob, from Proto-Germanic *grubaz (“coarse, rough”), possibly from an earlier *gahrubaz and then related with *hreubaz (“scabby, rough, scrubby”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian groaf (“rough, coarse, crude”), West Frisian grof (“rough, coarse, crude”), Low German groff (“rough, coarse, crude”), German grob (“rough, coarse, crude”), Swedish grov (“rough, coarse, crude”).

来源：wiktionary