bitter

B2 CET-4 Oxf 3000 初中 FREQ #3821 ★★★☆☆

a. 苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的 adv. 刺骨 v. (使)变苦

发音

UK /ˈbɪt.ə/
UK /ˈbɪt.ʰə/
UK /ˈbɪʔ.ə/
其它 /ˈbɪʔ.ə/
US /ˈbɪ.tɚ/
US /ˈbɪ.ɾɚ/

词形变化

bitters 复数 bittered bittering bitters 三单 bitters bittering 现在分词 bittered 过去式 bittered 过去分词 bitterer bitterest more bitter 比较级 bitterer 比较级 most bitter 最高级 bitterest 最高级

教材释义与例句

动词

使变苦

形容词

苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充满仇恨的

feeling angry, jealous, and upset because you think you have been treated unfairly

副词

激烈地；严寒刺骨地

释义与例句

n.
  1. 1.

    A liquid or powder, made from bitter herbs, used in mixed drinks or as a tonic.

    苦啤酒

    可数 不可数
  2. 2.

    A type of beer heavily flavored with hops.

    可数 不可数
  3. 3.

    A turn of a cable about the bitts.

    可数 不可数 航海 交通
  4. 1.

    A hardware system whose architecture is based around units of the specified number of bits (binary digits).

    非正式 计算机 工程 数学
v.
  1. 1.

    To make bitter.

    古体
adj. B2 Oxf 3000
  1. 1.

    Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).

    苦

    苦涩

    The coffee tasted bitter.

  2. 2.

    Harsh, piercing, acerbic or stinging.

    苦

    严酷

    It was at the end of February, […] when the world was cold, and a bitter wind howled down the moors […].

  3. 3.

    Hateful or hostile.

    可恨

    可恶

    怀敌意

    They're bitter enemies.

  4. 4.

    Cynical and resentful.

    心酸

    I've been bitter ever since that defeat.

adv.
  1. 1.

    To an intense or severe degree; bitterly.

词汇关系

名词

同义词 1

bitterness

上位词 2

taste ale

下位词 3

acerbity acridity acridness
形容词

同义词 10

acid biting blistering virulent caustic acrimonious acerb acerbic acrid sulfurous

近义相关 9

painful tasty hostile unpleasant unbearable intolerable resentful sorrowful unendurable
副词

同义词 3

bitterly bitingly piercingly

相关短语

bitter end 最后；结局 bitter pill bitter pill to swallow 难以吞咽的苦药,难以接受的事 bitter orange （西班牙产的）苦橙 bitter melon 苦瓜 bitter melons bitter ends bitter spar [化] 白云石 bitter gourd 苦瓜 bitter gourds bitter panicgrass bitter rot bitter cucumber Bitter plate

词源

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰidrós Proto-Germanic *bitraz Proto-West Germanic *bitr Old English biter Middle English bittre English bitter From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (“bitter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bitr, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”), equivalent to bite + -er (agent noun suffix) used attributively. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bitter, West Frisian bitter, Low German bitter, Dutch bitter, German bitter, Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur (all meaning “bitter”).

来源：wiktionary