hard

A1 CET-4 Oxf 3000 初中 FREQ #324 ★★★★★

a. 坚硬的, 硬的, 难的, 艰苦的, 困难的, 坚固的, 猛烈的, 艰难的, 结实的, 确实的 adv. 坚硬地, 努力地, 辛苦地, 接近地, 猛烈地, 牢固地

发音

UK /hɑːd/
其它
US /hɑɹd/

词形变化

hards 复数 hards hards 三单 harding 现在分词 harded 过去式 harded 过去分词 harder 比较级 harder hardest more hard 比较级 hardest 最高级 most hard 最高级

别名

'ard H

教材释义与例句

名词

(Hard)人名；(英、芬、瑞典)哈德

形容词

努力的；硬的；困难的；辛苦的；确实的；严厉的；猛烈的；冷酷无情的

firm, stiff, and difficult to press down, break, or cut

副词

努力地；困难地；辛苦地；接近地；猛烈地；牢固地

using a lot of effort, energy, or attention

释义与例句

n.
  1. 1.

    A firm or paved beach or slope convenient for hauling vessels out of the water.

    可数 航海 交通 不可数
  2. 2.

    A tyre whose compound is softer than superhards, and harder than mediums.

    可数 体育 不可数
  3. 3.

    Crack cocaine.

    俚语 不可数 医学 可数
  4. 4.

    Hard labor.

    俚语 不可数 可数

    The prisoners were sentenced to three years' hard.

v.
  1. 1.

    To make hard, harden.

    废旧 及物
adj. A1 Oxf 3000
  1. 1.

    Solid and firm.

  2. 2.

    Solid and firm.

    Resistant to pressure; difficult to break, cut, or penetrate.

    硬

    This bread is so stale and hard, I can barely cut it.

  3. 3.

    Solid and firm.

    Strong.

  4. 4.

    Solid and firm.

    Containing alcohol.

    hard cider, hard lemonade, hard seltzer, hard soda

  5. 5.

    Solid and firm.

    Very acidic or tannic.

    烹饪

    While most 1974s remain hard, tannic, hollow wines lacking ripeness, flesh, and character, a number of the Graves estates did produce surprisingly spicy, interesting wines.

  6. 6.

    Solid and firm.

    High in dissolved chemical salts, especially those of calcium.

  7. 7.

    Solid and firm.

    Having the capability of being a permanent magnet by being a material with high magnetic coercivity (compare soft).

    物理
  8. 8.

    Solid and firm.

    Having a high energy (high frequency; short wavelength).

    物理

    hard X-rays

  9. 9.

    Solid and firm.

    Made up of parallel rays, producing clearly defined shadows.

    艺术
  10. 10.

    Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.

    Difficult or requiring a lot of effort to do, understand, experience, or deal with.

    难

    困难

    a hard problem; a hard question; a hard topic

  11. 11.

    Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.

    Demanding a lot of effort to endure.

    艰难

    a hard life

  12. 12.

    Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.

    Severe, harsh, unfriendly, brutal.

    a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character

    The senator asked the party chief to put the hard word on his potential rivals.

  13. 13.

    Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.

    Difficult to resist or control; powerful.

    过时
  14. 14.

    Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.

    Hardened; having unusually strong defences.

    政治 军事

    a hard site

  15. 15.

    Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.

    Tough, muscular, badass.

    俚语

    He thinks he's well hard.

  16. 16.

    Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.

    Excellent, impressive.

    俚语

    This song goes hard.

    This guy always has the hardest fits.

  17. 17.

    Unquestionable; unequivocal.

    hard evidence; a hard requirement

  18. 18.

    Having a comparatively larger or a ninety-degree angle.

    At the intersection, there are two roads going to the left. Take the hard left.

  19. 19.

    Sexually aroused; having an erect penis.

    俚语 粗俗

    I got so hard watching two hot girls wrestle each other on the beach.

  20. 20.

    Having muscles that are tightened as a result of intense, regular exercise.

    体育
  21. 21.

    Fortis.

    Plosive.

    语言学

    There is a hard c in "clock" and a soft c in "centre".

  22. 22.

    Fortis.

    Unvoiced.

    语言学

    Hard k, t, s, ch, as distinguished from soft, g, d, z, j.

  23. 23.

    Velarized or plain, rather than palatalized.

    The letter ж (ž) in Russian is always hard.

  24. 24.

    Having a severe property; presenting a barrier to enjoyment.

    Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition.

    艺术
  25. 25.

    Having a severe property; presenting a barrier to enjoyment.

    Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in colour or shading.

    艺术
  26. 26.

    In a physical form, not digital.

    a soft or hard copy; a digital or hard archive

  27. 27.

    Using a manual or physical process, not by means of a software command.

    a hard reboot or reset

  28. 28.

    Of silk: not having had the natural gum boiled off.

  29. 29.

    Hardcore.

    媒体
  30. 30.

    Far, extreme.

    政治

    hard right, hard left

  31. 31.

    Of a market: having more demand than supply; being a seller's market.

    商务 金融
adv. A1 Oxf 3000
  1. 1.

    With much force or effort.

    努力

    认真

    He hit the puck hard up the ice.

    They worked hard all week.

    The recession hit them especially hard.

    Think hard about your choices.

    The couple were fucking each other hard.

  2. 2.

    So as to raise difficulties.

    废旧
  3. 3.

    Compactly.

    The lake had finally frozen hard.

  4. 4.

    Near, close.

    古体

    At the intersection, bear hard left.

  5. 5.

    With difficulty.

    His degree was hard earned.

词汇关系

形容词

同义词 10

strong difficult tough heavy severe punishing knockout concentrated arduous grueling

反义词 1

soft

近义相关 10

bad trying set serious strong tough tight rough tall firm

参见 9

difficult tough solid complex demanding insensitive merciless effortful unmerciful
副词

同义词 5

hardly heavily severely firmly intemperately

相关短语

hard-pressed a. 处于困境的, 遭受强大压力的; 经济困难的 hard drive [电] 硬式磁盘机 hard and fast 严格的, 搁浅的 hard copy [计] 硬拷贝; 复印文本 [经] 复制件, 硬拷贝, 印刷记录 hard disc n. 硬盘 hard cash 硬币, 现金 [经] 硬币, 现金 learn the hard way 费一番苦功才学会 have a hard time 处境艰难,困苦不堪 the hard way hard currency 硬通货 [经] 硬币, 硬通货 hard of hearing 听力不佳

词源

From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognates Cognate with Yola hard (“hard”), West Frisian hurd (“hard”), Alemannic German hert (“hard”), Bavarian hoat (“hard”), Central Franconian haat (“hard”), Dutch hard (“hard”), German hart (“hard”), Luxembourgish haart (“hard”), Danish, Swedish hård (“hard”), Faroese, Icelandic harður (“hard”), Norwegian Bokmål hard (“hard”), Norwegian Nynorsk hard, hard’u (“hard”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus, “hard”), Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”), Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu, “power, might, ability”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu).

来源：wiktionary