tough

B2 CET-4 Oxf 3000 高中 FREQ #953 ★★★★☆

n. 恶棍 a. 强硬的, 艰苦的, 坚固的, 坚韧的, 粗暴的, 咬不动的

发音

US /tʌf/
UK /tʌf/
AU /tɐf/
NZ /tɐf/
其它 /tʊf/

词形变化

toughs 复数 toughs toughed toughing toughs 三单 toughing 现在分词 toughed 过去式 toughed 过去分词 tougher 比较级 tougher toughest toughest 最高级

别名

tuff

教材释义与例句

名词

恶棍

someone who often behaves in a violent way

动词

坚持；忍受，忍耐

形容词

艰苦的，困难的；坚强的，不屈不挠的；坚韧的，牢固的；强壮的，结实的

physically or emotionally strong and able to deal with difficult situations

释义与例句

n.
  1. 1.

    A person who obtains things by force; a thug or bully.

    They were doing fine until they encountered a bunch of toughs from the opposition.

v.
  1. 1.

    To endure.

  2. 2.

    To toughen.

adj. B2 Oxf 3000
  1. 1.

    Strong and resilient; sturdy.

    The tent, made of tough canvas, held up to many abuses.

  2. 2.

    Difficult to cut or chew.

    To soften a tough cut of meat, the recipe suggested simmering it for hours.

  3. 3.

    Rugged or physically hardy.

    Only a tough species will survive in the desert.

  4. 4.

    Stubborn or persistent; capable of stubbornness or persistence.

    He had a reputation as a tough negotiator.

  5. 5.

    Harsh or severe.

  6. 6.

    Rowdy or rough.

    A bunch of the tough boys from the wrong side of the tracks threatened him.

  7. 7.

    Difficult or demanding.

    This is a tough crowd.

    1998, Lois Liederman Davitz, Joel Robert Davitz, 20 Tough Questions Teenagers Ask and 20 Tough Answers, Paulist Press, pages 6-7, But let's get back to the tough question about sex before marriage. And this is a tough question. In fact we would rank the question you've both raised as pretty high on our list of tough questions.

    2010, Rushworth M. Kidder, Good Kids, Tough Choices, Wiley (Jossey-Bass), page 96, What Lara faced, in fact, falls right into the pool of light beneath our second lens: making tough choices.

  8. 8.

    Undergoing plastic deformation before breaking.

  9. 9.

    Strict, not lenient.

    艰苦

    tough on crime

interj.
  1. 1.

    Used to indicate lack of sympathy

    俚语

    If you don't like it, tough!

词汇关系

名词

同义词 10

punk hood bully thug goon rowdy hooligan hoodlum ruffian roughneck

上位词 10

criminal fighter crook outlaw attacker assailant felon belligerent aggressor combatant

下位词 6

skin muscle bully skinhead bully boy plug-ugly
形容词

同义词 10

bad hard elusive rugged sturdy problematic baffling knotty problematical ruffianly

反义词 1

tender

近义相关 10

bad hard difficult violent uncomfortable rugged hardened callous chewy hard-boiled

参见 8

hard strong experienced insensitive rugged inedible experient uneatable

相关短语

tough shit tough nut to crack tough luck n. 厄运, 坏运气 tough call 进退两难 tough love n. 严厉的爱, 爱之深责之切（对有毒瘾或其他不良问题的亲友严格要求, 帮助其克服问题） tough case tough cookie tough out [美口]咬紧牙关挺过(压力,困难等) tough road to hoe tough row to hoe tough cookies tough titties tough tuchus tough toodles tough titty

词源

From Middle English tough, towgh, tou, toȝ, from Old English tōh (“tough, tenacious, holding fast together; pliant; sticky, glutinous, clammy”), from Proto-West Germanic *tą̄h(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tanhuz (“fitting; clinging; tenacious; tough”), from *tinganą (“to press upon, throng”), from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”). Cognates Cognate with Saterland Frisian toai (“tough”), Bavarian zaach, zach (“tough”), Dutch taai (“tough”), German zäh, zähe (“tough”), Limburgish tiee (“tough”), Luxembourgish zéi (“tough”); also Ancient Greek δάκνω (dáknō, “to bite”), Albanian danë, darë (“tongs; pincers; pliers”), Sanskrit दशति (daśati, “to bite”).

来源：wiktionary