gall

B1 FREQ #14790 ★☆☆☆☆

n. 胆汁, 五倍子, 苦味, 肿痛, 恼怒, 磨损处 vt. 烦恼, 屈辱, 磨伤 vi. 被磨伤

发音

其它 /ɡɔːl/

词形变化

galls 复数 galls 三单 galling 现在分词 galled 过去式 galled 过去分词

释义与例句

n. B1
  1. 1.

    Impudence or brazenness; temerity; chutzpah.

    不可数 可数
  2. 2.

    A gallbladder.

    古体 可数 医学 不可数
  3. 3.

    Bile, especially that of an animal; the greenish, profoundly bitter-tasting fluid found in bile ducts and gall bladders, structures associated with the liver.

    古体 不可数 医学 可数
  4. 4.

    Great misery or physical suffering, likened to the bitterest-tasting of substances.

    比喻 不可数 可数
  5. 1.

    A sore on a horse caused by an ill-fitted or ill-adjusted saddle; a saddle sore.

    可数 不可数

    Riding a horse with bruised or broken skin can cause a gall, which frequently results in the white saddle marks seen on the withers and backs of some horses.

  6. 2.

    A sore or open wound caused by chafing, which may become infected, as with a blister.

    可数 医学 不可数
  7. 3.

    A feeling of exasperation.

    比喻 不可数 可数
  8. 4.

    A pit on a surface being cut caused by the friction between the two surfaces exceeding the bond of the material at a point.

    可数 工程 不可数
  9. 1.

    A blister or tumor-like growth found on the surface of plants, caused by various pathogens, especially the burrowing of insect larvae into the living tissues, such as that of the common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii).

    瘿

    生物 植物学 医学
  10. 2.

    A bump-like imperfection resembling a gall.

v.
  1. 1.

    To chafe, to rub or subject to friction; to create a sore on the skin.

  2. 2.

    To bother or trouble.

    比喻 及物
  3. 3.

    To harass, to harry, often with the intent to cause injury.

    比喻 及物
  4. 4.

    To exasperate.

    比喻 及物
  5. 5.

    To cause pitting on a surface being cut from the friction between the two surfaces exceeding the bond of the material at a point.

    及物 工程

    Improper cooling and a dull milling cutter on titanium can gall the surface.

  6. 6.

    To scoff; to jeer.

    不及物 废旧 罕用
  7. 1.

    To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts in dyeing.

    及物

词汇关系

名词

同义词 10

crust resentment bitterness insolence bile freshness impudence impertinence rancor cheekiness

上位词 6

sore hostility enmity rudeness discourtesy ill will

下位词 10

score envy grudge grievance chutzpah chutzpa enviousness heartburning huffishness hutzpah
动词

同义词 3

fret chafe irk

上位词 2

anger irritate

相关短语

gall bladder 胆瓶 gall dang gall bladders gall wasp 五倍子蜂, 瘿蜂 gall midge 瘿蚊 gall midges gall wasps gall mite 瘿螨 gall stone n. 胆结石 gall stones (gall-stone 的复数) n. 胆结石 gall of glass gall gnat = gall midge gall mites gall gnats [医] 瘿蝇 gall and wormwood 令人憎恶的东西, 极苦恼的事

词源

From Middle English galle, from Old English ġealla, galla, from Proto-West Germanic *gallā, from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ. The figurative senses (e.g., impudence, brazenness, chutzpah) are related to the literal sense (i.e., bile) via the lasting linguocultural effects of humorism, which governed Western medicine for many centuries before the advent of scientific medicine. Related to Dutch gal, German Galle, Swedish galle, galla, Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ). Also remotely related with yellow and gold.

来源：wiktionary